Communication system, communication system control method, and program

ABSTRACT

Communication systems and communication control methods are disclosed. In one example, a slave device belonging to a group of devices to which arbitration is applicable sequentially transmits a start bit and a first address including a first bit having a value different from a corresponding first bit of predetermined pattern data. A master device sequentially transmits the start bit and the predetermined pattern data. The master device arbitrates the master device and the first slave device based on the value of the first bit.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a Continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/063,992, filed Mar. 8, 2016, which claims the benefit ofJapanese Priority Patent Application JP 2015-196191 filed Oct. 1, 2015,the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present technology relates to a communication system, acommunication system control method, and a program causing a computer toexecute the method, and specifically, to a communication systemconfigured to transmit and receive data between a master and a slave, acommunication system control method, and a program causing a computer toexecute the method.

In the related art, when communication is performed between devices in arelatively short range, for example, within the same substrate, acommunication standard of Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) is broadly useddue to a simple configuration. In I2C, since a plurality of masters cantransmit signals to one slave, it is necessary to detect collision ofsuch signals and arbitrate the masters. For example, in thecommunication standard of I2C, an arbitration procedure in which, whenone master transmits “1” and the other master transmits “0,” the masterthat has transmitted “1” loses a control right is proposed (for example,refer to “UM10204 bus I²C bus specification and user manual Rev5.0J,”[online], Oct. 9, 2012, NXP semiconductors, [Aug. 26, 2015, search],Internet (http://www.nxp.com/documents/user_manual/UM10204_JA.pdf)).

In addition, a communication standard of I3C, an extended version ofI2C, is proposed. In I3C, three communication schemes are used. In thefirst communication scheme (hereinafter referred to as a “case 0”), itis possible to connect a maximum of 112 slaves to the master whilearbitration is possible. In the second communication scheme (hereinafterreferred to as a “case 1”), a higher communication rate than that of thecase 0 is provided, but the number of connectable slaves is limited to amaximum of 56 while arbitration is possible. In the third communicationscheme (hereinafter referred to as a “case 2”), a higher communicationrate than that of the case 0 is provided, and it is possible to connecta maximum of 112 slaves, but it is not possible to arbitrate devices.

SUMMARY

In the related art described above, there is a problem in that it isdifficult to optimize a system using I3C. For example, in the case 1, itis possible to increase a communication rate while arbitration ispossible, but the number of connectable slaves is smaller than that ofthe case 0. In addition, in the case 2, it is possible to increase acommunication rate while the number of slaves is the same as that of thecase 0, but arbitration is not possible. In this manner, there is aproblem in that it is difficult to optimize a system with a balancebetween the number of connectable slaves and a possibility ofarbitration.

In view of such problems, the present technology is provided to optimizea system configured to transmit and receive data between a master and aslave.

The present technology has been made in order to solve theabove-mentioned issues. According to a first embodiment of the presenttechnology, there is provided a communication system, a control methodthereof, and a program causing a computer to execute the method, thecommunication system including: a first slave device configured totransmit and receive data when a start bit indicating communicationstart, predetermined pattern data in which a specific value is set in afirst bit, and a first address in which the specific value is set in afirst bit are received; a second slave device configured to sequentiallytransmit the start bit and a second address in which a value differentfrom the specific value is set in a first bit and transmit and receivedata; and a master device configured to sequentially transmit the startbit, the predetermined pattern data, and any of the first address andthe second address and arbitrates the second slave device and anotherdevice based on the first bit. Accordingly, there is provided an effectin which arbitration between the second slave device and another deviceis performed based on the first bits of the predetermined pattern dataand the second address.

According to the first embodiment, the master device and the first andsecond slave devices may transmit and receive the data according to acommunication standard of I3C. Accordingly, there is provided an effectin which data is transmitted and received according to the communicationstandard of I3C.

According to the first embodiment, the first slave device may storesetting information indicating inclusion in a group for whicharbitration is necessary, the second slave device may store the settinginformation indicating inclusion in a group for which arbitration isunnecessary, and the master device may allocate the first address to thefirst slave device and allocates the second address to the second slavedevice based on the setting information. Accordingly, there is providedan effect in which the first and second addresses are allocated based onthe setting information indicating inclusion in a group for which anarbitration process is necessary.

According to the first embodiment, the first and second slave devicesmay store the setting information in a bus characteristic register.Accordingly, there is provided an effect in which the first and secondaddresses are allocated based on the setting information stored in thebus characteristic register.

According to the second embodiment of the present technology, there isprovided a device to which an address in which inclusion ornon-inclusion in a group for which arbitration is necessary is set in afirst bit is allocated. Accordingly, there is provided an effect inwhich arbitration between the slave device and another device isperformed based on the first bit.

According to a third embodiment of the present technology, there isprovided a device including: a transmission unit configured tosequentially transmit a start bit indicating communication start,predetermined pattern data, and an address in which inclusion ornon-inclusion in a group for which arbitration is necessary is set in afirst bit; and an arbitration unit configured to arbitrate a slavedevice and another device based on the first bit. Accordingly, there isprovided an effect in which arbitration between the slave device andanother device is performed based on the first bit.

According to a fourth embodiment of the present technology, there isprovided a communication system including: a slave device configured tosequentially transmit a start bit indicating communication start and atransmission source address in which a specific value is set in a firstbit; and a master device configured to sequentially transmit the startbit and a transmission destination address in which a value that doesnot correspond to the specific value is set in a first bit and arbitratethe slave device and another device based on the first bit. Accordingly,there is provided an effect in which arbitration between the slavedevice and another device is performed based on the first bit of theaddress.

According to the fourth embodiment, the slave device may include anarbitration target slave device for which an arbitration process isnecessary and an arbitration-unnecessary slave device for which anarbitration process is unnecessary, and the master device may allocatethe address to the arbitration target device and allocate an address inwhich a bit string except for a first bit is different from a bit stringof the arbitration target slave device to the arbitration-unnecessarydevice. Accordingly, there is provided an effect in which an address inwhich a bit string except for a first bit is different from a bit stringof the arbitration target slave device is allocated to the slave devicefor which arbitration is unnecessary.

According to a fifth embodiment of the present technology, there isprovided a device configured to sequentially transmit a start bitindicating communication start and a transmission source address inwhich a fixed value is set in a first bit. Accordingly, there isprovided an effect in which arbitration between the slave device andanother device is performed based on the first bit.

According to a sixth embodiment of the present technology, there isprovided a device including: a transmission unit configured tosequentially transmit a start bit indicating communication start and atransmission destination address in which a fixed value is set in afirst bit; and an arbitration unit configured to arbitrate a slavedevice and another device based on the first bit. Accordingly, there isprovided an effect in which arbitration between the slave device andanother device is performed based on the first bit.

According to the embodiments of the present technology, an excellenteffect that it is possible to optimize a system configured to transmitand receive data between a master and a slave can be obtained. Note thateffects described herein are not necessarily limiting, and any effectdescribed in the present disclosure may be achieved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of anelectronic device in a first embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of aprocessor in the first embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of adisplay driver in the first embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing a communication scheme in the firstembodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing a header type in the first embodimentof the present technology;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary data structure of a framethat is transmitted by a master in cases 0 to 2 in the first embodimentof the present technology;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary data structure of a framethat is transmitted by a master in a case 3 in the first embodiment ofthe present technology;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary data structure of a framethat is transmitted by a slave in the first embodiment of the presenttechnology;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting information of abus characteristic register in the first embodiment of the presenttechnology;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating exemplary details of indexes 0 to 3 inthe first embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating exemplary operations of amaster/slave device in the first embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary address allocationprocess in the first embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary master sidecommunication process in the first embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary master sidecommunication process corresponding to the case 3 in the firstembodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary operation of a slave inthe first embodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary slave sidecommunication process corresponding to the case 3 in the firstembodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting information of abit characteristic register in a first modification of the firstembodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting information of abit characteristic register in a second modification of the firstembodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting information of abit characteristic register in a third modification of the firstembodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 20 is a diagram for describing a communication scheme in a secondembodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary data structure of a framethat is transmitted by a master in a case 4 in the second embodiment ofthe present technology;

FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary master sidecommunication process in the second embodiment of the presenttechnology;

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary master sidecommunication process corresponding to the case 4 in the secondembodiment of the present technology;

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary slave operation in thesecond embodiment of the present technology; and

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary slave sidecommunication process corresponding to the case 4 in the secondembodiment of the present technology.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT(S)

Hereinafter, forms (hereinafter referred to as “embodiments”) forimplementing the present technology will be described. The descriptionwill proceed in the following order.

-   1. First embodiment (an example in which a group identifier is set    to a first bit)-   2. Second embodiment (an example in which a fixed value is set to a    first bit)    <1. First Embodiment>    [Exemplary Configuration of Electronic Device]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of anelectronic device 100 in a first embodiment. The electronic device 100includes processors 110 and 140, a display driver 120, a gyro sensor130, a serial data (SDA) line 108, and a serial clock (SCL) line 109.The processor 110, the processor 140, the display driver 120 and thegyro sensor 130 are connected to the SDA line 108 and the SCL line 109,and transmit and receive signals through these signal lines according toa communication standard of I3C. Also, while four devices, the processor110, the processor 140, the display driver 120 and the gyro sensor 130,are provided in the electronic device 100, the number of devices is notlimited to 4.

The communication standard of I3C is a standard in which communicationis performed through two signal lines, the SDA line 108 configured totransmit data and the SCL line 109 configured to transmit a clocksignal. In the standard, the device (for example, the processor 110) isclassified as a device that is operated as a master or a slave or adevice that is operated as only a slave. For example, the processors 110and 140 are operated as a master or a slave, and the display driver 120and the gyro sensor 130 are operated as only a slave. Here, the masteris a device configured to control the slave, and the slave is a devicethat is operated under control of the master.

In addition, in I3C, it is possible to connect a plurality of slaves toone master. In addition, a plurality of masters can transmit a signal toone slave. Hereinafter, such communication will be referred to as“multi-master communication.” Further, slaves can communicate with eachother without the master, and such communication is referred to as“peer-to-peer communication.” In addition, while the SDA line 108 is ina communication state (busy) due to communication of other devices, theslave can perform communication by interrupting the communication. Suchan interrupt is referred to as an “in-band interrupt.”

In the multi-master communication, in-band interrupt, and peer-to-peercommunication described above, there is concern about signalstransmitted by a plurality of devices at the same time colliding in theSDA line 108. For example, while the master transmits a signal to acertain slave, if another slave performs the in-band interrupt andtransmits a signal to the master, the signal from the master and thesignal from the slave collide. Therefore, in I3C, the device has afunction of detecting collision and arbitrating devices.

Note that, while all devices such as the processor 110 are disposed inone device, the present technology is not limited to this configuration.For example, the processor 110 may be disposed in the electronic device100, and a sensor such as the gyro sensor 130 may be disposed outsidethe electronic device 100. Note that a system including devices such asthe processor 110 is an exemplary communication system described in theappended claims.

[Exemplary Configuration of Processor]

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of theprocessor 110 in the first embodiment. The processor 110 includes anaddress allocation unit 111, a bus characteristic register 112, acommunication unit 113 and an arbitration unit 114. The processor 140has the same configuration as the processor 110. Note that the processor110 is an example of the master device described in the appended claims.

The address allocation unit 111 allocates a dynamic address to theslave. The dynamic address is information for identifying the slave, anda unique address is allocated for each slave. The address allocationunit 111 starts dynamic address allocation (assignment) when power isapplied to the electronic device 100. First, the address allocation unit111 reads data from a bus characteristic register (BCR) of each devicewhen allocation is performed. Here, the BCR is a register in whichsetting information necessary when the dynamic address is allocated suchas a role of the device is stored and is a read-only register.Therefore, the address allocation unit 111 allocates the dynamic addressfor each slave based on the read setting information.

The bus characteristic register 112 stores setting information of theprocessor 110. The communication unit 113 performs communication as themaster or the slave according to I3C. The communication unit 113 outputsdata through any of an open drain circuit and a push-pull circuit. Whencommunication is performed using the open drain circuit, a communicationrate becomes lower than when communication is performed using thepush-pull circuit due to characteristics of the circuit. For example,when the open drain circuit is used, data is transmitted insynchronization with a clock signal of 400 kilohertz (kHz). On the otherhand, when the push-pull circuit is used, data is transmitted insynchronization with a clock signal of 12.5 megahertz (MHz).

The arbitration unit 114 detects collision and arbitrates devices. Thearbitration unit 114 monitors a level of the SDA line 108, and when avalue of a bit transmitted by the device (the processor 140) isdifferent from a value of a bit in transmission using the SDA line 108,determines that there is collision. When arbitration is performed, forexample, a device that has transmitted “0” has priority and a devicethat has transmitted “1” loses a control right.

[Exemplary Configuration of Display Driver]

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of thedisplay driver 120 in the first embodiment. The display driver 120includes a bus characteristic register 121, a communication unit 122 andan arbitration unit 123. The gyro sensor 130 has the same configurationas the display driver 120.

The bus characteristic register 112 stores setting information of thedisplay driver 120. The communication unit 122 performs communication asthe slave according to I3C. The arbitration unit 123 detects collisionand arbitrates devices.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing a communication scheme in the firstembodiment. In I3C, three schemes are defined as communication schemes.Hereinafter, these schemes are referred to as a case 0, a case 1 and acase 2.

In the case 0, a header type of type 0 is set. In addition, in the case0, a 7 -bit fixed pattern data called “reserved” is first transmitted bythe master. In the pattern data, for example, a hexadecimal value of“7E” (a binary value of “1111110”) is set. Next, a 7-bit dynamic addressallocated to an access destination slave is transmitted by the master.It is possible to connect a maximum of 112 slaves to the master usingthe 7-bit dynamic address.

In addition, a transmission source device in the type 0 transmits thereserved using the open drain circuit. When the open drain circuit isused, since the communication rate decreases as described above, thedevice can detect collision in units of bits and perform arbitration.

Next, in the case 1, a header type of type 1 is set. In addition,similarly to the case 0, in the case 1, the reserved is firsttransmitted by the master. Next, a 7-bit dynamic address whose first bitA[6] is fixed to “0” is transmitted by the master.

Here, in the case 1, the first bit of the dynamic address is fixed to“0” so that the device detects collision in the first bit. In the case1, a slave that performs the in-band interrupt or the like firsttransmits a dynamic address whose first bit is “0.” On the other hand,the master first transmits a reserved whose first bit is “1” asdescribed above. In this manner, since values of the first bits aredifferent, the device can perform arbitration by monitoring a level ofthe SDA line 108 and detecting whether collision has occurred when thefirst bit is transmitted. However, since the first bit is fixed to “0,”a size of the address that is substantially available is reduced to 6bits from 7 bits, and the number of slaves is reduced by half from amaximum of 112 to a maximum of 56.

In the above type 1, in order to detect collision, the first bit istransmitted by the open drain circuit having a relatively lowcommunication rate. When there is no collision, second and subsequentbits are transmitted by the push-pull circuit having a relatively highcommunication rate. Accordingly, an overall communication rate of thecase 1 is higher than that of the case 0.

Next, in the case 2, a header type of type 1 is set. In addition, in thecase 2, a 7-bit dynamic address is first transmitted by the masterwithout transmitting the reserved. In addition, in the case 2, thedevice is unable to perform arbitration. Since the device does notperform arbitration, the first bit of the dynamic address is not set asa fixed value, and the number of connectable slaves is 112, similarly tothe case 0. Further, since no reserved is transmitted, the case 2 has ahigher communication rate than either of the cases 0 and 1.

In summary, the case 1 has a smaller number of slaves and a highercommunication rate than the case 0. In addition, the case 2 has the samenumber of slaves as the case 0 and has a higher communication rate thanthe case 0, but arbitration is not possible. In this manner, all schemeshave advantages and disadvantages.

Here, in the electronic device 100, a case 3 in which the communicationrate is the same as that of the case 1, arbitration is possible, and thenumber of slaves is greater than that of the case 1 is newlyimplemented.

In the case 3, a header type of a reserved is set as a type 1. Inaddition, similarly to the case 0, in the case 1, the reserved is firsttransmitted by the master. Next, a 7-bit dynamic address whose first bitA[6] is set as a group identifier is transmitted by the master.

Here, the group identifier is a bit indicating whether the slave belongsto a group for which arbitration is necessary. In I3C, the groupidentifier can be set in the BCR such that a signal (for example, thein-band interrupt) that may collide with a signal from another devicecan be transmitted by the slave and it is possible to set such that asignal can be transmitted only under control of the master. Withreference to setting of the BCR, the master classifies a slave that cantransmit a signal for which collision may occur as a group for whicharbitration is necessary and classifies the other slaves as a group forwhich arbitration is unnecessary. The group identifier of the group forwhich arbitration is necessary is set to “0.” The group identifier ofthe group for which arbitration is unnecessary is set to “1.”

A first bit (a group identifier) of a dynamic address of a slave forwhich arbitration is necessary is “0.” Since this value is differentfrom the first bit (=“1”) of the reserved, the device detects collisionin the first bit and can perform arbitration, similarly to the case 1.

On the other hand, a first bit (a group identifier) of a dynamic addressof a slave for which arbitration is not necessary is “1.” While thisvalue is the same as that of the first bit of the reserved, since theslave is unable to transmit the dynamic address, it is irrelevant tocollision.

As described above, in the case 3, since the first bit of the dynamicaddress may not be fixed, the number of connectable slaves is greaterthan that of the case 1 in which it is necessary to fix the first bit.In addition, since the header type is the type 1, the communication rateis higher than that of the case 0, similarly to the case 1.

Note that the slave (for example, the display driver 120) in the groupfor which arbitration is necessary is an example of the first slavedevice described in the appended claims. The slave in the group forwhich arbitration is not necessary is an example of the second slavedevice described in the appended claims.

Each of the devices (for example, the processor 110) in the electronicdevice 100 appropriately selects any of the above cases 0 to 3 dependingon a situation and performs communication with other devices.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing a header type in the firstembodiment. FIG. 5a is a diagram illustrating an exemplary state of theSDA line 108 and the SCL line 109 when a header (a reserved) of the type0 is transmitted. FIG. 5b is a diagram illustrating an exemplary stateof the SDA line 108 and the SCL line 109 when a header of the type 1 istransmitted. A[6] to A[0] indicate 7 bits of the reserved. In thereserved, A[6] is transmitted first and A[0] is transmitted last. Inaddition, R/W is a read-write bit indicating any of data write and read.

When communication starts, the master sets the SDA line 108 to a lowlevel and the SCL line 109 to a high level. This state is referred to asa start condition S. The master sequentially transmits A[6] to A[0] andR/W in synchronization with a clock signal following the start conditionS (a start bit).

Here, in the type 0, all bits are transmitted by the open drain circuithaving a low communication rate. On the other hand, in the type 1, onlythe first bit A[6] is transmitted by the open drain circuit, and secondand subsequent bits are transmitted by the push-pull circuit having ahigh communication rate. In addition, in the type 0, a communicationrate of all bits is low but arbitration is performed for each bit. Onthe other hand, in the type 1, arbitration is performed only in thefirst bit, but if there is no collision in the first bit, acommunication rate of second and subsequent bits becomes higher thanthat of the type 0. Note that, when collision occurs in the first bit ofthe type 1, the device transmits second and subsequent bits by the opendrain circuit and performs arbitration for each bit.

[Data Structure of Frame]

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary data structure of a framethat is transmitted by the master in the cases 0 to 2 in the firstembodiment. Here, the frame refers to a signal including a dynamicaddress, and data transmitted and received by a slave having the dynamicaddress. FIG. 6a illustrates an exemplary configuration of a frame thatis transmitted when the master performs write in the case 0. FIG. 6billustrates an exemplary configuration of a frame that is transmittedwhen the master performs read in the case 0. FIG. 6c illustrates anexemplary configuration of a frame that is transmitted when the masterperforms write in the case 1. FIG. 6d illustrates an exemplaryconfiguration of a frame that is transmitted when the master performsread in the case 1. FIG. 6e illustrates an exemplary configuration of aframe that is transmitted when the master performs write in the case 2.FIG. 6f illustrates an exemplary configuration of a frame that istransmitted when the master performs read in the case 2. In addition, inFIG. 6, a white rectangle indicates a signal that is transmitted fromthe master to the slave, and a shaded rectangle indicates a signal thatis transmitted from the slave to the master.

In the case 0, the start condition S is first transmitted from themaster, and a reserved having a hexadecimal value of “7E” and aread-write bit R/W are sequentially transmitted from the master. Then,when the slave has successfully received, an acknowledge (ACK) istransmitted from the slave. Following the ACK, a restart condition Sr istransmitted by the master, and a dynamic address and a read-write bitR/W are sequentially transmitted. Then, when the slave has successfullyreceived these, an ACK is transmitted from the slave. Following the ACK,read data or write data is transmitted and received between the masterand the slave. The data is transmitted in units of bytes, and a paritycalled a transition bit T is added to each byte. When the data iscompletely transmitted and received, a stop condition P or the restartcondition Sr is transmitted by the master.

Next, in the case 1, similarly to the case 0, following the startcondition S, the reserved is transmitted from the master, and the ACK istransmitted from the slave. Following the ACK, the restart condition Sris transmitted by the master, and a dynamic address whose first bit A[6]is set to “0” and a read-write bit R/W are sequentially transmitted.Then, the ACK is transmitted from the slave, and read data or write datais transmitted and received between the master and the slave. When thedata is completely transmitted and received, the stop condition P or therestart condition Sr is transmitted by the master.

Next, in the case 2, following the start condition S, the dynamicaddress is transmitted from the master, and the ACK is transmitted fromthe slave. Following the ACK, read data or write data is transmitted andreceived between the master and the slave. When the data is completelytransmitted and received, the stop condition P or the restart conditionSr is transmitted by the master.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary data structure of a framethat is transmitted by the master in the case 3 in the first embodiment.FIG. 7a illustrates an exemplary configuration of a frame that istransmitted when the master performs write in the case 3. FIG. 7billustrates an exemplary configuration of a frame that is transmittedwhen the master performs read in the case 3.

In the case 3, similarly to the case 0, following the start condition S,the reserved is transmitted from the master, and the ACK is transmittedfrom the slave. Following the ACK, the restart condition Sr istransmitted by the master, and the dynamic address whose first bit A[6]is set as a group identifier and a read-write bit R/W are sequentiallytransmitted. In the group identifier, when the slave belongs to anarbitration target group for which arbitration is necessary, “0” is set,and when the slave belongs to an arbitration-unnecessary group, “1” isset.

Then, the ACK is transmitted from the slave, and read data or write datais transmitted and received between the master and the slave. When thedata is completely transmitted and received, the stop condition P or therestart condition Sr is transmitted by the master.

Unlike the case 1 in which a fixed value is set in the first bit of thedynamic address, since the first bit of the dynamic address is notnecessarily set as the fixed value in the case 3, it is possible toconnect a greater number of slaves to the master than in the case 1. Inaddition, since a value different from the first bit of fixed patterndata (reserved) is set in the first bit A[6] of the dynamic address ofthe arbitration target group, the device can detect collision in thefirst bit and perform arbitration.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary data structure of a framethat is transmitted by the slave in the first embodiment. FIG. 8aillustrates an exemplary configuration of a frame that is transmittedwhen the slave performs write by the in-band interrupt or the like inthe case 0. FIG. 8b illustrates an exemplary configuration of a framethat is transmitted when the slave performs read by the in-bandinterrupt or the like in the case 0. FIG. 8c illustrates an exemplaryconfiguration of a frame that is transmitted when the slave performswrite by the in-band interrupt or the like in the case 1. FIG. 8dillustrates an exemplary configuration of a frame that is transmittedwhen the slave performs read by the in-band interrupt or the like in thecase 1. FIG. 8e illustrates an exemplary configuration of a frame thatis transmitted when the slave performs write by the in-band interrupt orthe like in the case 3. FIG. 8f illustrates an exemplary configurationof a frame that is transmitted when the slave performs read by thein-band interrupt or the like in the case 3. Note that, in the case 2,the slave does not transmit the dynamic address to the master. This isbecause the device is unable to perform arbitration in the case 2.

In the case 0, when the in-band interrupt or the like occurs, the startcondition S and the dynamic address are transmitted by the slave, andthe ACK is transmitted by the master. Following the ACK, the restartcondition Sr is transmitted by the master, and read data or write datais transmitted and received between the master and the slave. Also,immediately after the ACK is transmitted, the master may transmit thestop condition P.

In the case 1, when the in-band interrupt or the like occurs, the startcondition S and the dynamic address whose first bit A[6] is fixed to “0”are transmitted by the slave, and the ACK is transmitted by the master.Following the ACK, the restart condition Sr is transmitted by the masterand read data or write data is transmitted and received between themaster and the slave.

In the case 3, when the in-band interrupt or the like occurs, followingthe start condition S, the dynamic address whose first bit A[6] is setas a group identifier is transmitted from the slave, and the ACK istransmitted by the master. Since “0” is set to the group identifier inthe slave that performs the in-band interrupt or the like, the devicedetects whether collision has occurred, similarly to the case 1. Inaddition, following the ACK, the restart condition Sr is transmitted bythe master, and read data or write data is transmitted and receivedbetween the master and the slave.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting information ofthe bus characteristic register 112 in the first embodiment. BCR[7] toBCR[0] are stored in the bus characteristic register 112. Here, BCR[i](i is an integer of 0 to 7) indicates an i-th bit. Such a bit includessetting information indicating whether the slave belongs to the groupfor which arbitration is necessary. In FIG. 9, parts surrounded bydotted lines indicate parts of specifications of I3C that are modifiedaccording to addition of the case 3.

In BCR[7] and BCR[6], a role (a device role) allocated to the device inthe system such as the master or the slave is set. When the device is asecondary master, a binary value of “01” is set. When the device is aslave that performs peer-to-peer communication, a binary value of “10”is set. In addition, in BCR[1] and BCR[6], any of indexes 0 to 3indicating whether the device performs the in-band interrupt and settingcontent related to a clock frequency is set.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating exemplary details of the indexes 0 to3 in the first embodiment. In FIG. 10, parts surrounded by dotted linesand a bold frame parts indicate parts of specifications of I3C that aremodified according to addition of to the case 3. The index 0 indicatesthat an in-band interrupt request is performed and it is possible to setthe clock frequency to the maximum. The index 1 indicates that thein-band interrupt request is performed and it is not possible to set theclock frequency to the maximum. The index 2 indicates that no in-bandinterrupt request is performed and it is not possible to set the clockfrequency to the maximum. The index 3 indicates that no in-bandinterrupt request is performed and it is possible to set the clockfrequency to the maximum.

Based on the setting information of FIGS. 9 and 10, when the device roleis “01” or “10,” or the index is 0 or 1, the master determines thedevice as a slave for which arbitration is necessary and sets the groupidentifier as “0.”

[Exemplary Operation of Device]

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating exemplary operations of amaster/slave device (for example, the processor 110) in the firstembodiment. The operation starts when, for example, power is applied tothe electronic device 100. The device reads a bus characteristicregister or the like from each slave (Step S911), and performs anaddress allocation process for allocating a dynamic address (Step S920).

Then, the device determines whether a start condition generated byanother device is detected (Step 912). When the start condition is notdetected (No in Step S912), the device determines whether apredetermined event for communication has occurred (Step S913). When theevent has occurred (Yes in Step S913), the device performs a master sidecommunication process (Step S930). When the event has not occurred (Noin Step S913) or after Step S930, the device repeats processes afterStep S912.

On the other hand, when the start condition is detected (Yes in StepS912), the master starts generation of a clock signal (Step S914),receives a dynamic address, and performs arbitration when collision hasoccurred (Step S915). Then, the master determines whether the receivedaddress is allocated to the master itself (Step S916). When an ownaddress is received (Yes in Step S916), the device transmits an ACK,transmits and receives data, and performs a process of the received data(Step S917). When the own address is not received (No in Step S916), orafter Step S917, the device repeats processes after Step S912.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary address allocationprocess of the case 3 in the first embodiment. The device determineswhether a current communication scheme is the case 3 (Step S921). Whenthe current communication scheme is not the case 3 (No in Step S921),the device performs a dynamic address allocation process correspondingto any of the cases 0 to 2 as the master (Step S922), and ends theaddress allocation process.

When the current communication scheme is the case 3 Yes in Step S921),the device selects an allocation target slave as the master (Step S923),and determines whether the slave is a slave in the group for whicharbitration is necessary based on the BCR (Step S924). When the slave isin the group for which arbitration is necessary (Yes in Step S924), thedevice allocates a dynamic address whose first bit A[6] is set to “0”(Step S925). On the other hand, when the slave is not in the group forwhich arbitration is necessary (No in Step S924), the device allocates adynamic address whose first bit A[6] is set to “1” (Step S926). AfterStep S925 or S926, the device determines whether addresses of all slavesare completely allocated (Step S927). When allocation is not completed(No in Step S927), the device repeats processes after Step S923. Whenallocation is completed (Yes in Step S927), the address allocationprocess ends.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary master sidecommunication process in the first embodiment. The device determineswhether the current communication scheme is the case 3 (Step S931). Whenthe current communication scheme is the case 3 (Yes in Step S931), thedevice performs a communication process corresponding to the case 3(Step S940). On the other hand, when the current communication scheme isnot the case 3 (No in Step S931), the device performs a communicationprocess corresponding to any of the cases 0 to 2 (Step S932). After StepS940 or S932, the device ends the master side communication process.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary master sidecommunication process corresponding to the case 3 in the firstembodiment. The device starts generation of a clock signal as the master(Step S941), and generates a start condition (Step S942). Then, thedevice transmits a first bit A[6](=1) of pattern data (reserved) (StepS943), and determines whether collision has occurred in the bit (StepS944). Since the first bit of the pattern data is “1,” when a dynamicaddress whose first bit is “0” is transmitted by the slave, the mastercan determine that collision has occurred. In order to transmit thefirst bit, the open drain circuit having a low communication rate isused.

When collision has occurred (Yes in Step S944), the master loses acontrol right, stops transmission to the SDA line 108, receives anaddress of second and subsequent bits from another slave, and performsarbitration in units of bits (Step S945). Here, in order to transmit theaddress, the open drain circuit having a low communication rate is used.

The device analyzes which of multi-master communication, peer-to-peercommunication, and in-band interrupt has occurred based on the receivedsignal (Step S946). In addition, the device determines as the masterwhether the in-band interrupt is acceptable (Step S947). When thein-band interrupt is acceptable (Yes in Step S947), the master transmitsan ACK, transmits and receives data, and performs a process of thereceived data (Step S948). Such data is transmitted by the push-pullcircuit. On the other hand, when the in-band interrupt is unacceptable(No in Step S947), the master transmits a NACK (Step S948).

On the other hand, when no collision has occurred (No in Step S944), thedevice transmits second and subsequent bits of the pattern data(reserved), and a dynamic address of an access destination (Step S951).In order to transmit such data, the push-pull circuit having arelatively high communication rate is used. Therefore, the devicetransmits and receives data and performs a process of the received data(Step S952). After Step S948, S949 or S952, the device generates a stopcondition (Step S951), and ends the master side communication process ofthe case 3.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary operation of the slave(for example, the display driver 120) in the first embodiment. Theoperation starts when, for example, power is applied to the electronicdevice 100. The slave stores the dynamic address allocated by the master(Step S961), and determines whether the current communication scheme isthe case 3 (Step S962). When the current communication scheme is thecase 3 (Yes in Step S962), the slave performs a slave side communicationprocess of the case 3 (Step S970), and repeats processes after StepS962. On the other hand, when the current communication scheme is notthe case 3 (No in Step S962), the slave performs a communication processcorresponding to any of the cases 0 to 2 (Step S963), and repeatsprocesses after Step S962.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary slave sidecommunication process corresponding to the case 3 in the firstembodiment. The device determines whether a predetermined event for thein-band interrupt or peer-to-peer communication has occurred (StepS971).

When the event for the in-band interrupt or the like has occurred (Yesin Step S971), the slave generates a start condition (Step S972). Then,the slave transmits an own dynamic address and performs arbitration whencollision has occurred (Step S973). The slave determines whether an ACKis received (Step S974). When the ACK is received (Yes in Step S974),the slave transmits and receives data and performs a process of thereceived data (Step S975), and generates a stop condition (Step S976).When no ACK is received (No in Step S974), or after Step S976, the slaveends the slave side communication process of the case 3.

On the other hand, when no event for the in-band interrupt or the likehas occurred (No in Step S971), the slave determines whether a startcondition generated by another device is detected (Step S977). When thestart condition is detected (Yes in Step S977), the slave receives afixed pattern and a dynamic address, and performs arbitration whencollision has occurred (Step S978). Therefore, the device determineswhether the received address is the own address (Step S979). When theown address is received (Yes in Step S979), the device transmits andreceives data and performs a process of the received data (Step S980).When no start condition is detected (No in Step S977), when the ownaddress is not received (No in Step S979), or after Step S980, the slaveends the communication process.

In this manner, according to the first embodiment of the presenttechnology, since the address in which a value different from the firstbit of the pattern data is set to the first bit is allocated to theslave that performs the interrupt or the like, it is possible to detectwhether collision has occurred in each first bit of the pattern data andthe address. Accordingly, the device that has detected collision canarbitrate devices that have transmitted the signal that has collided. Inaddition, since the first bit of the address is not a fixed value, it ispossible to connect a greater number of slaves than in the case 1 inwhich the first bit is set as a fixed value.

[First Modification]

While details of the indexes 0 to 3 of the BCR are modified according toaddition of the case 3 in the above first embodiment, the master canalternatively modify other parts of the BCR. For example, a device roleof the reserved in the BCR can be used. The electronic device 100 in afirst modification of the first embodiment is different from that of thefirst embodiment in that the device role of the reserved in the BCR ismodified.

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting information ofthe bus characteristic register 112 in the first modification of thefirst embodiment. In FIG. 17, a part surrounded by a dotted lineindicates a part of specifications of I3C that is modified according toaddition of the case 3.

In BCR[6] and BCR[7], the reserved is set in “11.” However, in the firstmodification, the role is modified to a slave that does not request anyof the in-band interrupt, a secondary master request, and a peer to peerslave request.

The master of the first modification determines a slave in which “11” isset in BCR[7] and BCR[6] in the case 3 as a “slave for which arbitrationis not necessary” and determines the other slaves as “slaves for whicharbitration is necessary.”

In this manner, according to first modification of the first embodimentof the present technology, since only the device role of the reserved ismodified to the slave for which arbitration is not necessary, it ispossible to reduce the number of parts to be modified compared to whenthe indexes 0 to 3 are modified.

[Second Modification]

While details of the indexes 0 to 3 of the BCR are modified according toaddition of the case 3 in the above first embodiment, the master canalternatively modify other parts of the BCR. For example, the devicerole of the reserved in the BCR can be used. The electronic device 100in a second modification of the first embodiment is different from thatof the first embodiment in that the device role of the reserved in theBCR is modified.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting information ofthe bus characteristic register 112 in the second modification of thefirst embodiment. In FIG. 18, a part surrounded by a dotted lineindicates a part of specifications of I3C to that is modified accordingto addition of the case 3.

In BCR[6] and BCR[7], the reserved is set in “11.” However, in thesecond modification, the role is modified to a slave that requests thein-band interrupt.

In the second modification, the master determines a slave in which “01”(a secondary master), “10” (a peer to peer slave), or “11” (a slave thatperforms the in-band interrupt) is set in BCR[7] and BCR[6] in the case3 as a “slave for which arbitration is necessary.” On the other hand, aslave in which “00” is set in CR[6] and BCR[7] is determined as a “slavefor which arbitration is not necessary.” In this manner, in the firstmodification, the slave for which arbitration is not necessary isallocated to the device role (“11”) of the reserved. On the other hand,in the second modification, the slave for which arbitration is necessaryis allocated to “11.” In addition, in the first modification, the slavefor which arbitration is necessary is allocated to “00.” On the otherhand, in the second modification, the slave for which arbitration is notnecessary is allocated to “00.”

In this manner, according to the second modification of the firstembodiment of the present technology, since only the device role of thereserved is modified to the slave for which arbitration is necessary, itis possible to reduce the number of parts to be modified compared towhen the indexes 0 to 3 are modified.

[Third Modification]

While details of the indexes 0 to 3 of the BCR are modified according toaddition of the case 3 in the above first embodiment, the master canalternatively modify other parts of the BCR. For example, the number ofbits allocated to the device role in the BCR increased from 2 bits to 3bits, and empty parts can be used. The electronic device 100 in a thirdmodification of the first embodiment is different from that of the firstembodiment in that the number of bits allocated to the device role inthe BCR is increased.

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting information ofthe bus characteristic register 112 in the third modification of thefirst embodiment. In FIG. 19, parts surrounded by bold lines and dottedlines indicate parts of specifications of I3C that are modifiedaccording to addition of the case 3.

Bits allocated to the device role are modified from BCR[6] and BCR[7] toBCR[5] to BCR[7]. According to such a modification, the modification isperformed such that information set in BCR[5] to [2] before modificationis moved to BCR[4] to [1]. In addition, in BCR[0], a possibility ofsetting a maximum SCL clock frequency is set.

In BCR[5] to BCR[7], a binary value of “000” indicates that the deviceis an I2C slave, and “100” indicates that the device is an I2C secondarymaster. In addition, “010” indicates that the device is a peer to peerI3C slave, and “001” indicates that the device is a slave that performsthe in-band interrupt. The reserved is set in the others.

In the third modification, the master determines a slave in which “100,”“100,” or “010” is set in BCR[5] to BCR[7] in the case 3 as a “slave forwhich arbitration is necessary.” On the other hand, a slave in which“000” is set as a “slave for which arbitration is not necessary.”

In this manner, according to the third modification of the firstembodiment of the present technology, since the number of bits allocatedto the device role increases, an area of the reserved increases, andthus it is possible to correspond to an extension of the device role inthe future.

<2. Second Embodiment>

In the above first embodiment, the address having a first bit differentfrom that of the fixed pattern is allocated to the slave that performsthe interrupt or the like. Accordingly, the communication rate increasesand the number of devices increases, compared to the case 0. However, asystem that desires a higher communication rate than that of the case 0and a possibility of arbitration rather than the increased number ofdevices is assumed. A second embodiment is different from the firstembodiment in that the electronic device 100 has a higher communicationrate than that of the case 0 and is able to arbitrate.

FIG. 20 is a diagram for describing a communication scheme in the secondembodiment. In the second embodiment, a case 4 is added in addition tothe cases 0 to 3.

In the case 4, a header type of type 1 is set. In addition, in the case4, similarly to the case 2, a 7-bit dynamic address is transmitted bythe master following a start condition without transmitting a fixedpattern of a reserved. However, an arbitration bit is set in the firstbit of the dynamic address. In the arbitration bit, a fixed value of “1”is set on the master side, and a fixed value of “0” is set on the slaveside.

In the case 4, since a fixed value is set in the first bit, a size ofthe address that is substantially available is reduced to 6 bits from 7bits, and the number of slaves is reduced by half from a maximum of 112to a maximum of 56. On the other hand, since different fixed values areset in the first bits on the master side and the slave side, the devicecan detect collision in the first bit and perform arbitration. Inaddition, since transmission of the reserved is unnecessary, the case 4has a higher communication rate than the case 0, the case 1, or the case3 in which transmission of the reserved is necessary.

In this manner, compared to the case 0, in the case 4, the maximumnumber of slaves is reduced by half, but the communication rate canincrease while arbitration is possible.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary data structure of a framethat is transmitted by the master in the case 4 in the secondembodiment. In the case 4, following the start condition S, a dynamicaddress is transmitted from the master, and an ACK is transmitted fromthe slave. “1” is set in the first bit (the arbitration bit) of thedynamic address. On the other hand, “0” is set in the first bit of thedynamic address that is transmitted by the slave.

In addition, in the second embodiment, in the case 4, the masterallocates the dynamic address in the same procedure as in the case 1.That is, the first bit of the dynamic address of the slave is fixed to“0.”

However, if an arbitration-unnecessary slave that does not perform thein-band interrupt or the like is connected, when one of the master andthe slave accesses the slave, the other of the master and the slave mayerroneously determine that the access is directed to itself. Forexample, a case in which only a first bit is different between anaddress of the arbitration-unnecessary slave and an address of themaster or slave, and 6 lower bits are the same is assumed. In such aconfiguration, when the control right is lost, since the first bit (thearbitration bit) is set from “1” to “0,” the master or slave erroneouslydetermines the address transmitted to the arbitration-unnecessary slaveas its own address.

In order to prevent such an erroneous operation, in the secondembodiment, it is preferable that the master allocate an address whose 6lower bits are different from a dynamic address of an arbitration targetslave that performs the in-band interrupt or the like to thearbitration-unnecessary slave.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary master sidecommunication process in the second embodiment. The communicationprocess of the second embodiment is different from that of the firstembodiment in that Steps S933 and S955 are further performed.

When the current communication scheme is not the case 3 (No in StepS931), the device determines whether the current communication scheme isthe case 4 (Step S933). When the current communication scheme is thecase 4 (Yes in Step S933), the device performs a master sidecommunication process corresponding to the case 4 (Step S955), and endsthe master side communication process. On the other hand, when thecurrent communication scheme is not the case 4 (No in Step S933), thedevice performs Step S932.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary master sidecommunication process corresponding to the case 4 in the secondembodiment. The communication process of the case 4 is the same as thecommunication process of the case 3 except that Step S956 is performedin place of Step S949.

When no collision has occurred in the first bit A[6] (No in Step S944),the device transmits second and subsequent bits of the address by thepush-pull circuit (Step S956), and performs processes after Step S950.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary slave sidecommunication process in the second embodiment. The slave sidecommunication process of the second embodiment is different from that ofthe first embodiment in that Steps S964 and S985 are further performed.

When the current communication scheme is not the case 3 (No in StepS962), the device determines whether the current communication scheme isthe case 4 (Step S964). When the current communication scheme is thecase 4 (Yes in Step S964), the device performs a slave sidecommunication process corresponding to the case 4 (Step S985), andrepeats processes after Step S962. On the other hand, when the currentcommunication scheme is not the case 4 (No in Step S964), the deviceperforms Step S963.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary slave sidecommunication process corresponding to the case 4 in the secondembodiment. The communication process of the case 4 is the same as thecommunication process of the case 3 except that Steps S986 and S987 areperformed in place of Steps S973 and S978. When an event for theinterrupt or the like has occurred (Yes in Step S971), the slavegenerates a start condition (Step S972). Therefore, the slave transmitsan address whose first bit (arbitration bit) A[6] is set to “0,”performs arbitration when collision has occurred (Step S986), andperforms processes after Step S974.

In addition, when the start condition is detected (Step S977), the slavetransmits the dynamic address, performs arbitration when collision hasoccurred (Step S987), and performs processes after Step S979.

In this manner, according to the second embodiment of the presenttechnology, since the master and the slave transmit dynamic addresses inwhich different fixed values are set in the first bits following thestart condition, it is possible to detect collision in the first bit andperform arbitration. In addition, it is possible to increase thecommunication rate compared to the case 0 or the like in which patterndata is transmitted.

Note that the above embodiments are only examples for implementing thepresent technology and items in the embodiments have correspondencerelations with technology-defining items in the scope of the appendedclaims. Similarly, the technology-defining items in the scope of theappended claims have correspondence relations with items in theembodiments of the present technology denoted by the same names.However, the present technology is not limited to the embodiments, butvarious modifications of the embodiments may be implemented withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present technology.

In addition, the processing sequences described in the above embodimentsmay be prepared as a method including such series of procedures, or aprogram causing a computer to execute such series of procedures or arecording medium recording the program. As the recording medium, forexample, a compact disc (CD), a MiniDisc (MD), a digital versatile disc(DVD), a memory card, and a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disc can beused.

Note that effects described herein are not necessarily limited, but anyeffect described in the present disclosure may be achieved.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that variousmodifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occurdepending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they arewithin the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Note that the present technology can be configured as follows.

(1) A communication system including:

a first slave device configured to transmit and receive data when astart bit indicating communication start, predetermined pattern data inwhich a specific value is set in a first bit, and a first address inwhich the specific value is set in a first bit are received;

a second slave device configured to sequentially transmit the start bitand a second address in which a value different from the specific valueis set in a first bit and transmit and receive data; and

a master device configured to sequentially transmit the start bit, thepredetermined pattern data, and any of the first address and the secondaddress and arbitrates the second slave device and another device basedon the first bit.

(2) The communication system according to item (1),

wherein the master device and the first and second slave devicestransmit and receive the data according to a communication standard ofI3C.

(3) The communication system according to item (2),

wherein the first slave device stores setting information indicatinginclusion in a group for which arbitration is necessary,

wherein the second slave device stores the setting informationindicating inclusion in a group for which arbitration is unnecessary,and

wherein the master device allocates the first address to the first slavedevice and allocates the second address to the second slave device basedon the setting information.

(4) The communication system according to item (3),

wherein the first and second slave devices store the setting informationin a bus characteristic register.

(5) A device to which an address in which inclusion or non-inclusion ina group for which arbitration is necessary is set in a first bit isallocated.

(6) A device including:

a transmission unit configured to sequentially transmit a start bitindicating communication start, predetermined pattern data, and anaddress in which inclusion or non-inclusion in a group for whicharbitration is necessary is set in a first bit; and

an arbitration unit configured to arbitrate a slave device and anotherdevice based on the first bit.

(7) A communication system control method including:

a first slave side procedure in which, when a start bit indicatingcommunication start, predetermined pattern data in which a specificvalue is set in a first bit, and a first address in which the specificvalue is set in a first bit are received, a first slave device transmitsand receives data;

a second slave side procedure in which a second slave devicesequentially transmits the start bit and a second address in which avalue different from the specific value is set in a first bit andtransmits and receives data; and

a master side procedure in which a master device sequentially transmitsthe start bit, the predetermined pattern data, and any of the firstaddress and the second address and arbitrates the second slave deviceand another device based on the first bit.

(8) A program causing a computer to execute:

a first slave side procedure in which, when a start bit indicatingcommunication start, predetermined pattern data in which a specificvalue is set in a first bit, and a first address in which the specificvalue is set in a first bit are received, a first slave device transmitsand receives data;

a second slave side procedure in which a second slave devicesequentially transmits the start bit and a second address in which avalue different from the specific value is set in a first bit andtransmits and receives data; and

a master side procedure in which a master device sequentially transmitsthe start bit, the predetermined pattern data, and any of the firstaddress and the second address and arbitrates the second slave deviceand another device based on the first bit.

(9) A communication system including:

a slave device configured to sequentially transmit a start bitindicating communication start and a transmission source address inwhich a specific value is set in a first bit; and

a master device configured to sequentially transmit the start bit and atransmission destination address in which a value that does notcorrespond to the specific value is set in a first bit and arbitrate theslave device and another device based on the first bit.

(10) The communication system according to item (9),

wherein the slave device includes an arbitration target slave device forwhich an arbitration process is necessary and an arbitration-unnecessaryslave device for which an arbitration process is unnecessary, and

wherein the master device allocates the address to the arbitrationtarget device and allocates an address in which a bit string except fora first bit is different from a bit string of the arbitration targetslave device to the arbitration-unnecessary device.

(11) A device configured to sequentially transmit a start bit indicatingcommunication start and a transmission source address in which a fixedvalue is set in a first bit.

(12) A device including:

a transmission unit configured to sequentially transmit a start bitindicating communication start and a transmission destination address inwhich a fixed value is set in a first bit; and

an arbitration unit configured to arbitrate a slave device and anotherdevice based on the first bit.

(13) A communication system control method including:

a slave side procedure in which a slave device sequentially transmits astart bit indicating communication start and a transmission sourceaddress in which a specific value is set in a first bit; and

a master side procedure in which a master device sequentially transmitsthe start bit and a transmission destination address in which a valuethat does not correspond to the specific value is set in a first bit andarbitrates the slave device and another device based on the first bit.

(14) A program causing a computer to execute:

a slave side procedure in which a slave device sequentially transmits astart bit indicating communication start and a transmission sourceaddress in which a specific value is set in a first bit; and

a master side procedure in which a master device sequentially transmitsthe start bit and a transmission destination address in which a valuethat does not correspond to the specific value is set in a first bit andarbitrates the slave device and another device based on the first bit.

What is claimed is:
 1. A master device comprising: a communicationcircuitry configured to sequentially transmit a start bit andpredetermined pattern data, the start bit indicating a communicationstart, the predetermined pattern data including a first bit, wherein aslave device separate from the master device has an address thatincludes a first bit, wherein inclusion or non-inclusion in a group forwhich arbitration is necessary is set according to the first bit; and anarbitration circuitry configured to arbitrate the slave device based ona first bit value, wherein, when the first bit value is different fromthe first bit of the predetermined pattern data in the arbitration bythe arbitration circuitry, it is determined that an event for whicharbitration is necessary has occurred, and wherein the communicationcircuitry transmits an acknowledgment, and then transmits and receivesdata or performs a processing of data when the master device is able toaccept the event, and ends a communication process without theacknowledgment when the master device is unable to accept the event. 2.The master device according to claim 1, wherein the communicationcircuitry transmits a restart condition indicating communication restartwhen the communication circuitry receives the acknowledgment after thestart bit and the predetermined pattern data are sequentiallytransmitted.
 3. The master device according to claim 1, wherein theevent includes at least one of an in-band interrupt request, a secondarymaster request, or a peer to peer slave request.
 4. The master deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein the address is a dynamically assignedaddress that is transmitted following transmission of the predeterminedpattern data.
 5. The master device according to claim 1, wherein themaster device is configured to receive from the slave device the addresswherein the first bit of the address indicates the inclusion ornon-inclusion in the group for which arbitration is necessary.
 6. Themaster device according to claim 1, wherein the communication circuitrytransmits a remainder of the predetermined pattern data in an open draincircuit mode when it is determined that the event for which arbitrationis necessary has occurred.
 7. The master device according to claim 6,wherein the communication circuitry transmits a remainder of thepredetermined pattern data in a push-pull circuit mode when it isdetermined that the event for which arbitration is necessary has notoccurred.
 8. The master device according to claim 1, wherein thecommunication circuitry transmits a remainder of the predeterminedpattern data in a push-pull circuit mode when it is determined that theevent for which arbitration is necessary has not occurred.
 9. A masterdevice comprising: a communication circuitry configured to sequentiallytransmit a start bit and predetermined pattern data, the start bitindicating a communication start, the predetermined pattern dataincluding a first bit, wherein a slave device separate from the masterdevice has an address that includes a first bit, wherein inclusion ornon-inclusion in a group for which arbitration is necessary is setaccording to the first bit; an arbitration circuitry configured toarbitrate the slave device based on a first bit value; and addressallocation circuitry configured to allocate as the address of the slavedevice a first address or a second address based upon settinginformation, wherein a first bit of the first address indicatesinclusion in the group for which arbitration is necessary and a firstbit of the second address indicates non-inclusion in the group for whicharbitration is necessary.
 10. A master device comprising: acommunication circuitry configured to sequentially transmit a start bitand predetermined pattern data, the start bit indicating a communicationstart, the predetermined pattern data including a first bit, wherein aslave device separate from the master device has an address thatincludes a first bit, wherein inclusion or non-inclusion in a group forwhich arbitration is necessary is set according to the first bit and anarbitration circuitry configured to arbitrate the slave device based ona first bit value, wherein the communication circuitry is configured totransmit the predetermined pattern data in an open drain circuit mode.11. A master device comprising: a communication circuitry configured tosequentially transmit a start bit and predetermined pattern data, thestart bit indicating a communication start, the predetermined patterndata including a first bit, wherein a slave device separate from themaster device has an address that includes a first bit, whereininclusion or non-inclusion in a group for which arbitration is necessaryis set according to the first bit; an arbitration circuitry configuredto arbitrate the slave device based on a first bit value; and addressallocation circuitry configured to perform a dynamic addressing whereinthe first bit of the predetermined pattern data is set to apredetermined value, and wherein the arbitration circuitry is configuredto perform arbitration by determining collision according to the firstbit value where the master device receives from the slave device theaddress, with the first bit of the address having the first bit valuediffering from the predetermined value.
 12. The master device accordingto claim 11, wherein the communication circuitry is configured totransmit in a push-pull mode in an absence of determining collision. 13.The master device according to claim 11, wherein the master device isconfigured to receive an acknowledgement from the slave device followingtransmission of an assigned address to the slave device by the masterdevice.
 14. A method for performing arbitration, the method comprising:sequentially transmitting, by a master device, a start bit andpredetermined pattern data, the start bit indicating a communicationstart, the predetermined pattern data including a first bit, wherein aslave device has an address that includes a first bit, wherein inclusionor non-inclusion in a group for which arbitration is necessary is setaccording to the first bit; and performing an arbitration of the slavedevice based on a first bit value, wherein it is determined that anevent for which arbitration is necessary has occurred when the first bitvalue is different from the first bit of the predetermined pattern datain the arbitration; transmitting an acknowledgment, and thentransmitting and receiving data or performing a processing of data whenthe master device is able to accept the event; and ending acommunication process without the acknowledgment when the master deviceis unable to accept the event.
 15. The method according claim 14,wherein the event includes at least one of an in-band interrupt request,a secondary master request, or a peer to peer slave request.
 16. Themethod according to claim 14, wherein the address is a dynamicallyassigned address that is transmitted following transmission of thepredetermined pattern data.
 17. The method according to claim 14,further comprising: transmitting a remainder of the predeterminedpattern data in an open drain circuit mode when it is determined thatthe event for which arbitration is necessary has occurred.
 18. Themethod according to claim 17, further comprising: transmitting aremainder of the predetermined pattern data in a push-pull circuit modewhen it is determined that the event for which arbitration is necessaryhas not occurred.
 19. The method according to claim 14, furthercomprising: transmitting a remainder of the predetermined pattern datain a push-pull circuit mode when it is determined that the event forwhich arbitration is necessary has not occurred.